Climate data and flowering times for 450 species from 1844 deepen the record of phenological change in southern Germany

PREMISE State-sponsored weather stations became ubiquitous by the 1880s, yet many old climate data and phenological observations still need to be digitized made accessible. METHODS We here make available flowering times for 450 species of herbs shrubs gathered in 1844 Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794–1868), director Munich Botanical Garden. The formed part world’s third-oldest monitoring network as we explain a brief overview history such networks. Using from one oldest continuously functioning stations, Hohenpeißenberg, relate temperature three with short herbarium collections since within city’s perimeter, namely, Anemone patens, A. pulsatilla, Arum maculatum. RESULTS Mean advances dates were 1.3–2.1 days/decade or 3.2–4.2 days/1°C warming. These are keeping similar other European during more recent periods. CONCLUSIONS Future studies might use source information on availability particular flowers specialized pollinators including insects looking oviposition sites, Psychoda flies that become trapped inflorescences. Another Martius’s would their incorporation into larger-scale analyses southern-central Europe.